Apple ][, II Plus, and //e

Photos of My alphaSyntauri Synth

Sat, 2 Jul 2016 14:01:30 -0500

Photos taken several years ago when I dusted off my 1982 vintage alphaSyntauri synthesizer and an Apple II Plus. Mostly of interest to someone who has stumbled across one of these and is trying to figure out what’s missing.

APPLE ][ DISK IMAGES

Tue, 25 Sep 2012 19:02:20 -0500

Unless noted, these are all DOS 3.3 images from my library. Some are as shipped by Apple or the original developer, others are my own. Click on the link to download the image. You will need ADT or a CFFA3000 and an Apple ][ or an emulator like Virtual ][ to open and use these disks.

DOS 3.3 Master
Utilities

Sample Programs
Apple Demos

Slide Show
HiRes Graphics slide show,
lossless compressed pix.
Picture compression code by
yours truly. Pix by myself and
other users of The Source.

High Res Character Generator
The basic code for displaying
text and graphics on a bitmap
display. My HRCG has a few
unusual features like taking the
background image from a
different buffer than the display.
BASIC gurus may enjoy listing
APPLE TURNOVER. Tricky.

The first HiRes slide show
from the Apple Software Bank.

User contributed software,
Program by Bruce Tognazzini
Slides by Bill Atkinson
both of whom would join
Apple and contribute greatly.

The second slide show.

Bill Atkinson investigates
different pseudo-grey-scale
dithering algorithms.

Slide Show III

By this time, other users were
chipping in with high res
drawings and scans from home
built hardware interfaced to
their Apples.

Slide Show IV (disk is bad.)

Slide Show V

by now, I had my own DS-65
video digitizer and graphics
tablet and was experimenting
with dither, color filters, etc.

Slide Show VI

Further experiments with high
speed frame capture from live
TV, as opposed to a B/W
security cam aimed at still
objects.

The ALF Music Synthesizer System

Mon, 24 Sep 2012 21:30:31 -0500

One of the earliest add-on cards for the Apple ][ was the ALF Music System card. Consisting of a crystal oscillator, an Intel triple timer chip used to generate the three tones, and three 16-bit multiplying DACs to control volume and create the Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release envelope of each note, it produced square waves at 65532 pitches and volume levels. That resolution is good enough that the ear can’t hear individual steps. Here’s a sample.

Music is composed in the ENTRY program which puts a grand staff on screen and you use the game paddles. One paddle selects what’s being entered, rest, note, sharp, flat, step forward or back, etc. from the row below the staff. The other paddle places the note vertically on the staff, and pressing a firing button drops the note into the score. Sounds complicated, but with a little practice, it goes pretty quickly. Matters are helped with features such as subroutines, and since music is filled with repeats, those come in very handy.

The PLAY program puts a blue bar across the screen for each voice in the score with a yellow dot to mark middle C. The note being played moves left (bass) to right (treble) and changes color with loudness. The first game paddle is used to adjust playback speed or tempo, and pushing the firing button starts playback.

A program called DISCO creates sets or playlists.

The original ALF system used up to three of the three-voice cards. Later when the Texas Instruments sound chip became available, a 9-voice ALF card was developed which was less expensive than the original and produced white noise as well as square wave tones. The T.I. chip was less refined, having less resolution in both pitch and volume, but was so much cheaper that it accounted for most sales. Sample ALF music here.

The alphaSyntauri Synthesizer System

Sat, 28 Apr 2012 17:11:23 -0500

One of the earliest peripheral cards for the Apple II was the ALF music card. The ALF provided three hardware oscillators coupled through 16-bit multiplying DACs on each card, and the software could handle up to three cards, yielding 9 voices. The software consisted of a step entry music editor, a player, and a jukebox player.

One of Apple’s engineers, Charlie Kellner, wanted to play music more directly, so he took a Pratt & Reed keyboard of the kind common in home organs, designed an interface card for the Apple II buss, and wrote some software to play the ALF cards. Thus was born the alphaSyntauri. As the software became more sophisticated and gained features, a company was formed to sell the system commercially. Charlie was known as “The Dragon” to Syntauri users, but he remained at Apple, contributing to Syntauri part-time.

Billed as the first affordable digital synth (starting around $1,500, Apple II not included), the alphaSyntauri competed feature-wise against the very expensive Synclavier and Fairlight systems based on minicomputers like the VAX. Syntauri was popular in academic settings, where Apple II systems were already commonplace, and eventually made its way into a handful of recordings. Computers in the arts were rare and experimental in the early 1980s and only a few bleeding-edge artists like Herbie Hancock were interested in learning about them.

One of the early changes to the system was changing to the more expensive, but versatile Mountain Computer Music System cards as sound generators, which brought 16 digital oscillators, 8-note stereo polyphony and 8-part multitimbrality. The waves were generated from 256 byte tables in Apple II motherboard RAM by DMA, allowing for any arbitrary wave shape. The user interface and recording, looping, and playback came courtesy of the Apple II Plus and lots of assembly and AppleSoft software. My MCMS cards will only run in an Apple II or Plus. Apparently some of the later ones will also run in a //e, DMA in the Apple II family being a bit dicey. Keyboards were available in 4 or 5 octave sizes, the big one velocity-sensitive. The primary performance software, "alphaPlus" provided 10 presets at once, control over a handful of parameters and could manage a keyboard split of two sounds as well. The "alphaPlus" interface also included an odd visual feedback effect of bars displayed on the monitor corresponding to the keys being played. The result was not unlike the light show in the finale of "Close Encounters of the Third Kind". It serves no actual purpose but it looks neat. A 16-track sequencer called "MetaTrak" was also available that was multitimbral and quite flexible. You could play live over a recorded MetaTrak sequence. Third party software included many music education titles, as well as some pretty impressive visual wave editing programs.

The sound is lo-fi digital, a premonition of the first Ensoniq instruments to come a half-dozen years later, thanks to its 8-bit waveforms and utter lack of filters or any analog processing. The upside was that you could actually draw your own waveforms, create them by additive synthesis, or sample them with a DX-1 (not part of the Syntauri system), making it something akin to a simple sample-playback unit. The included instruments and presets are mostly soupy pads, but with practice you can get some cutting lead tones, basses, pianos, and organs out of it.

A lot of the user interface elements for MIDI workstations and DAWs first appeared here. The last version of MetaTrak had a rudimentary MIDI output add-on, but as the MIDI standard didn’t yet exist, it’s not 100% compatible, and there’s no way to play the system from a MIDI keyboard. The keyboards appear at auction occasionally, but usually don’t include the interface card or software. Software can be found online in Apple II archives.

The company, Syntauri Corporation, folded in 1984. It failed to advance the system or lower price to reach beyond the nerdy musician niche. Management seemed more interested in acting like rock stars than advancing their product. Mimetics Corporation picked up support for Syntauri until they disappeared in 1988, by which time the Apple II was obsolete, and MIDI and the very first computer based digital recorders like the DigiDesign cards for the Mac II were appearing.

What does it sound like? Samples here.
More photos here.

Links:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfxXGcIfOBc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBOqzHQObnw
http://www.appleii-box.de/H212_0_AppleIIalphaSyntauriPage.htm
http://retiary.org/ls/writings/aes_alphasyntauri.pdf